Every Civil Engineer must Know before going at site there some basic standards which is used at site. Here some of the basic Data for civil we are sharing.
Design Mix:
M10 ( 1 : 3.92 : 5.62)
Cement : 210 Kg/ M3
20 mm Jelly : 708 Kg/ M3
12.5 mm Jelly : 472 Kg/ M3
River sand : 823 Kg/ M3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M3
Fresh concrete density: 2398 Kg/M3
M20 ( 1 : 2.48 : 3.55)
Cement : 320 Kg/ M3
20 mm Jelly : 683 Kg/ M3
12.5 mm Jelly : 455 Kg/ M3
River sand : 794 Kg/ M3
Total water : 176 Kg/ M3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ M3
M25 ( 1 : 2.28 : 3.27)
Cement : 340 Kg/ M3
20 mm Jelly : 667 Kg/ M3
12.5 mm Jelly : 445 Kg/ M3
River sand : 775 Kg/ M3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M3
Admixture : 0.6%
Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ M3
Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water 185 -20.5 = 164 Liters,
Admixture = 0.5% is 100ml
M30 ( 1 : 2 : 2.87)
Cement : 380 Kg/ M3
20 mm Jelly : 654 Kg/ M3
12.5 mm Jelly : 436 Kg/ M3
River sand : 760 Kg/ M3
Total water : 187 Kg/ M3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ M3
Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture (170.80+15.20)
M35 ( 1 : 1.79 : 2.57)
Cement : 410 Kg/ M3
20 mm Jelly : 632 Kg/ M3
12.5 mm Jelly : 421 Kg/ M3
River sand : 735 Kg/ M3
Total water : 200 Kg/ M3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2400 Kg/ M3
Note: sand = 735 + 2%, Water = 200- 14.7 = 185.30,
Admixture = 0.7%
M40 ( 1 : 1.67 : 2.39)
Cement : 430 Kg/ M3
20 mm Jelly : 618 Kg/ M3
12.5 mm Jelly : 412 Kg/ M3
River sand : 718 Kg/ M3
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
Note: Sand = 718 + Bulkage 1%
M45 ( 1 : 1.58 : 2.26)
Cement : 450 Kg/ M3
20 mm Jelly : 626 Kg/ M3
12.5 mm Jelly : 417 Kg/ M3
River sand : 727 Kg/ M3+ Bulkage 1%
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
M50 ( 1 : 1.44 : 2.23)
Cement : 450 Kg/ M3
20 mm Jelly : 590 Kg/ M3
12.5 mm Jelly : 483 Kg/ M3
River sand : 689 Kg/ M3 + Bulkage 12%
Water Cement ratio : 0.36 (188 Kg)
Admixture : 1.20%3
Micro silica : 30 Kg
Super flow 6.7% of cement
WEIGHT OF MATERIALS
50 mm J bolt : 751 No’s / 52 Kg
40 mm J bolt : 883 No’s / 54 Kg
2” nails : 385 No’s / Kg
3” nails : 118 No’s / Kg
4″ nails : 72 No’s / Kg
Binding wire : 170 rings /Kg
SIMPLEX FORMULA:-
U = (N /L) x {(W x H) / (1 + S)} x Sq.rt {(L/50)}
U = Ultimate load in tones
N = Number of blows
L = Pile length in feets
W = Weight of hammer in tones
H = Height of fall in feet.
S = Set for 1 blows in Inch
Safe load = (ultimate load/ 2.5)
Factor of safety = 2.5
10 blows = below 10 MM
Thread couplers:- (For Column lapping)
Couplers for reinforcing bars 20 mm to 28 mm crimped sleeve Slump IS 456
Lightly reinforced 25 – 75 mm
Heavily reinforced 75 – 100 mm
Trench fill (insitu & Tremie) 100 – 150 mm
(For Termie vibrator not required)
Durability:-
- The Environment
- Cover to Steel
- Type and quality of the constituent material
- Cement content and Water Cement ratio.
- Workmanship to obtain full compaction.
- Compaction and efficient curing.
Accuracy of measuring equipment in batching plant.
Cement : + 2%
Aggregate : + 3%
Admixture : + 3%
Water : + 3%
Mixing time : 2 minutes for one mixing.(site Mixing)
Mixing time : 2 minutes for one mixing.(site Mixing)
TOLERANCE:-
Form work:-
In C/S for columns & Beams deviation is = + 12mm more (or) – 6mm less in size
In footing plan = + 50 mm more (or) – 12 mm less size
In depth = + 0.05 D (specified thickness).
Reinforcement:-
For effective depth D < 200mm = + 10mm
For effective depth D > 200mm = + 15mm
For Cover to reinforcement = + 10mm
Maximum freefall of concrete = 1.50 m height.
TOLERANCE:-
Form work:-
In C/S for columns & Beams deviation is = + 12mm more (or) – 6mm less in size
In footing plan = + 50 mm more (or) – 12 mm less size
In depth = + 0.05 D (specified thickness).
Reinforcement:-
For effective depth D < 200mm = + 10mm
For effective depth D > 200mm = + 15mm
For Cover to reinforcement = + 10mm
Maximum freefall of concrete = 1.50 m height.
TOLERANCE ON DIA IN LENGTH:-
0-25mm = + 0.5 %
25-35mm = + 0.6 %
35-50mm = + 0.8 %
TOLERANCE ON WEIGHT PER METRE:-
0-10mm = +7%
10-16mm = + 5%
16 and above = + 3%
TOLERANCE FOR CUTTING LENGTH :-
- A) When the specified length is not given = + 75mm (or) – 25 mm
- B) When the min. length is specified = + 50 mm (or) – 0 mm
GENERAL:-
- Lapping is not allowed for the bars having diameters more than 36 mm.
- Chair spacing maximum spacing is 1.00 m (or) 1 No per 1 Sq.m
- For dowels rod minimum of 12 mm dia should be used.
- Chairs minimum of 12 mm dia bars to be used.
- Longitudinal reinforcement not less than 0.8% and more than 6% of gross C/S.
- Minimum bars for square column is 4 No’s and 6 No’s for circular column.
- Main bars in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm (HYSD) or 10 mm (Plain bars) and the distributors not less than 8 mm and not more than 1/8 of slab thickness.
- Minimum thickness of slab is 125 mm
- Dimension tolerance for cubes + 2 mm.
- Free fall of concrete is allowed maximum to 1.50m.
11.Lap slices not be used for bar larger than 36 mm.
12.Water absorption not more than 15 %.
13.PH value of the water should not be less than 6.
14.Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N / mm2
15.In steel reinforcement binding wire required is 8 kg per MT
16.In soil filling as per IS code 100 sqm should take 3 sample for core cutting test
DENSITY OF MATERIALS:-
Weight of Bricks = 1600-1920 Kg/M3
Weight of Block work = 1920 Kg/M3
Weight of R.C.C = 2310 – 2700 Kg/M3
CURING:-
Super Sulphate cement : 7 days
Ordinary Portland cement OPC : 10 days
Minerals & Admixture added cement : 14 days
STRIPPING TIME ( De-Shuttering):-
For columns, walls, vertical form works : 16-24 hrs
Soffit formwork to slabs : 3 days (props to be refixed after removal)
Soffit to beams props : 7 days props to refix after removal.
Spanning up to 4.50m : 7 days
Spanning over 4.50m : 14 days
Arches spanning up to 6m : 14 days
Arches spanning over 6m : 21 days
CUBE SAMPLES:-
1 – 5 M3 : 1 No.
6 – 15 M3 : 2 No’s
16 – 30 M3 : 3 No’s
31 – 50 M3 : 4 No’s
Above 50 M3 : 4 + 1 No of addition sample for each 50 M3
TEST RESULTS OF SAMPLES:-
The test results of the samples shall be the average of the strength of three specimens.
The individual variation should not be more than + 15 % of the average.
If more the results of the sample are invalid.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:-
3 days : 45 %
7 days : 67 – 70 %
14 days : 85 %
28 days : 100% +
APPROXIMATE COST PER SQ.FT (MANTRI PROJECT)
HIGH RISE BUILDING:-
Structure = 979 / Sft
(Concreting, Block work, Plastering, Flooring, Dado, painting)
Electrical works (Modular switches) = 172 / Sft
Plumbing (P.H.E) = 93 / Sft
Fire Fighting = 13 / Sft
Lift = 34 / Sft
Common Area = 94 / Sft
External development (Landscape, road works, drains etc.,) = 87 / Sft
TEST FOR SILT & CLAY:-
1.Take 200 ml measuring cylinder fill sand up to 100ml mark
- Add 150ml of water and shake well
- Allow it to settle for 3 hrs.
- Measure the total height and height of clay.
- Calculate the clay and silt in total sand
- Clay and Silt should not exceed 3% by weight (or) 8-10% by volume
- For crushed sand Clay and Silt should not exceed 15% by weight
ORGANIC IMPURITIES:-
- Don’t dried the specimen before testing
- Take 250 ml measuring cylinder.
- Add 75 ml of water with 3% of Sodium Hydroxide. Fill sand layer to 125 ml
- Make the volume up to 200ml by adding more of sodium hydroxide solution
- Shake well allow it to stand for 24 hrs
- If the solution becomes darker than straw yellow colour then the sand has to be tested for further by casing mortar cubes for 7 & 28 days is not less than 95%.
- If the solution is lighter or just straw yellow colour the sand can be used for concreting without any further test.
QUANTITIES REQUIRED:-
Plastering (CM 1:3) = 1.50 bags / 10 m2
Plastering (CM 1:5) = 1.05 bags / 10 m2
Ceiling Plastering (CM 1:3) = 48 kg / 10 m2
Brick work (CM 1:5) = 86 Kg / 10 m3
Brick work (CM 1:6) 9” thick = 80.64 Kg / 10 m3
Brick work (CM 1:3) 4½” thick = 15.46 Kg / 10 m3
Lime for white washing = 10 Kg/100 m2
Painting = 10 ltr/ 100 m2
Distemper 1st coat = 6.5 Kg / 100 m2
Distemper 2nd coat = 5.0 kg / 100 m2
Snowcem 1st coat = 30 Kg / 100 m2
Snowcem 2nd coat = 20 Kg / 100 m2
Paint ready mixed one coat = 10 ltr / 100 m2
Weathering Course = 7.68 Kg / m2
Flooring = 8.10 kg / m2
Pressed tiles for weathering course (CM 1:3) = 7.68 Kg / 10 m2
Granolithic floor finish = 8.10 Kg / 10 m2
WATER CEMENT RATIO:-
M20 = 0.55
M25 = 0.50
M30 = 0.45
M35 = 0.45
M40 = 0.40
SPACING OF BARS:-
- Provide the dia of the bar, if the dia of the bar are equal.
- Provide the dia of the larger bar, if the dia are unequal.
- 5mm more than the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate.
CONVERSION:-
1 Acre = 4046.72 m2
1 cent = 40.4672 m2
COVER TO MAIN REINFORCEMENT:-
Column : 40 mm (D>12mm)
Column : 25 mm (D= 12mm)
Beam : 25 mm
Slab : 15 mm (or) not less than dia of the bar.
Footing : 50 mm
Sunshade (Chajja) : 25 mm
CO-EFFICIENT FOR PAINTING:-
Partly paneled and glazed doors : 0.80 times the door or window area.
Collapsible gates : 1.50
Corrugated sheeted steel doors : 1.25
Rolling shutters : 1.10
Expanded metal hard drawn steel : 1.00
Open palsied fencing and gates, brace, rails : 1.00
Corrugated iron sheeting : 1.14
A.C corrugated sheeting : 1.20
A.C Semi corrugated sheeting : 1.10
Wire gauged shutters : 1.00
Paneled framed and braced doors, windows : 1.30
Ledged and battened doors and windows : 1.30
Flush doors : 1.20
Partly paneled doors : 1.00
Fully glazed doors : 0.80
Fully louvered : 1.80
Trellis work : 2.00
Curved or enriched : 2.00
Weather boarding : 1.20
Wooded single roofing : 1.10
Boarding with cover tilets and match boarding : 1.05
Tile and slate battering : 0.80
Plain sheeted steel : 1.10
Fully glazed steel : 0.50
Calculation of Materials:-
- a) For 1 m3 of concrete Mix 1:2:4 (M15)
Add 50% for wet concrete = 1.50 m3
= 1.50/(1+2+4) = 0.214 m3
For 1 m3 = 30 bags of cement required (1440/50) say 30 bags
Cement = 0.214 x 30 = 6.42 bags
Sand = 0.214 x 2 = 0.428 m3
Aggregate = 0.214 x 4 = 0.856 m3
- b) Wall plastering in CM 1:4 of 12 mm thick for 100 m2:-
Volume = 100 x (12/1000) = 1.20 m3
Add 30 to 35% as bulking of sand = 0.36 m3
Add 20 as wastage of sand = 0.312 m3
Total = 1.872 m3
= (1.872/1+4) = 0.374 m3
Cement = 0.374 x 30 = 10.77 bags
Sand = 0.374 x 4 = 1.496 m3
- c) For 100 m3 of solid Block masonry in CM 1:6 mix 8” thick:-
Volume = 100 x 0.2 (Thickness of wall)
= 20 m3
No. of blocks required = 20/(0.4 x 0.2 x 0.2)
= 12502 No’s
Volume of mortar = 20-{0.39 x 0.19 x 0.19 x 1250}
= 20 – 17.598
= 2.40 m3
Note: 200mm – 10 mm for mortar thickness = 190 mm
Blocks =17.598/(0.4 x 0.2 x 0.2)
=1100 No’s
Add 2% wastage = 22
Total = 1122 No’s
Increase by 25% for dry mortar = 3 M3
= 3/ (1+6)
= 0.429 M3
Cement = 0.429 x 30 = 12.50 bags
Sand = 0.429 x 6 = 2.57 M3
Blocks =1122 No’s
STEEL:-
- Weight of rod per meter length = d2 / 162 where d in mm
- “L” for column main rod in footing is minimum of 300mm
- Hook for stirrups is 9D for one side
- For Cantilever anchorage length for main steel is 69D
- No. of stirrups = (clear span/Spanning) + 1
- Design strength is M 40, target strength is 1.25 x 40 = 50 Mpa
